The effects of the pandemic on the well-being of brazilian nurses in the fight against Covid-19: a scoping review / Os efeitos da pandemia no bem-estar dos enfermeiros brasileiros no combate ao Covid-19: uma revisão de escopo / Los efectos de la pandemia en el bienestar de las enfermeras brasileñas en la lucha contra el Covid-19: a scoping review

Introdução: Estudos indicam que os profissionais de saúde têm alto risco de desenvolver sintomas relacionados à saúde mental, especialmente depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Objetivo: identificar e sintetizar os estudos sobre os preditores relacionados a saúde mental entre enfermeiros que atuam na linha de frente no combate ao COVID- 19. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, sem limitação de linguagem e ano, nas bases BVS, PubMed, SCIELO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, MedNar, CAPES e ProQuest. Foi realizada síntese narrativa. Resultados: A pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe sérios impactos a saúde mental dos profissionais de enfermagem, os achados revelaram cinco temas principais sentimento de insegurança, falta de equipamentos de proteção individual, falta de exames diagnósticos, mudanças no fluxo de atendimento e medo do desconhecido. Existe uma associação significativa entre o bem-estar físico e metal e a produtividade laboral. Conclusão: Destaca-se os desafios enfrentados pelos enfermeiros no combate da COVID-19, mesmo com a repercussões no ambiente de trabalho os enfermeiros ainda padecem de reconhecimento adequado que incluem situações de estresse, ansiedade, depressão e estão diretamente relacionadas à frustração, esgotamento físico e mental, sentimento de impotência e insegurança profissional vivenciados durante a pandemia, principalmente por jovens profissionais sem experiência no cuidado de pacientes críticos.

Introduction: Studies indicate that health professionals are at high risk of developing symptoms related to mental health, especially depression, anxiety and stress. Objective: identify and synthesize studies on mental health-related predictors among nurses who work on the front line in the fight against COVID-19. Method: This is a scope review, without language and year limitations, in the VHL, PubMed, SCIELO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, MedNar, CAPES and ProQuest databases. Narrative synthesis was performed. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic had serious impacts on the mental health of nursing professionals, the findings revealed five main themes: feeling of insecurity, lack of personal protective equipment, lack of diagnostic tests, changes in the flow of care and fear of the unknown. There is a significant association between physical and mental well-being and labor productivity. Conclusion: The challenges faced by nurses in the fight against COVID-19 are highlighted, even with the repercussions in the work environment, nurses still suffer from adequate recognition and include situations of stress, anxiety and even depression, which are directly related to frustration , physical and mental exhaustion, feeling of helplessness and professional insecurity experienced during the pandemic, especially by young professionals with no experience in caring for critically ill patients.

Introducción: Los estudios indican que los profesionales de la salud tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar síntomas relacionados con la salud mental, especialmente depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Objetivo: identificar y sintetizar estudios sobre predictores relacionados a la salud mental entre enfermeros que trabajan en primera línea en la lucha contra el COVID-19. Método: Se trata de una revisión de alcance, sin limitaciones de idioma y año, en las bases de datos BVS, PubMed, SCIELO, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science, MedNar, CAPES y ProQuest. Se realizó una síntesis narrativa. Resultados: La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo graves impactos en la salud mental de los profesionales de enfermería, los hallazgos revelaron cinco temas principales: sensación de inseguridad, falta de equipo de protección personal, falta de pruebas diagnósticas, cambios en el flujo de atención y miedo a lo desconocido. Existe una asociación significativa entre el bienestar físico y mental y la productividad laboral. Conclusiones: Se destacan los retos a los que se enfrentan las enfermeras en la lucha contra la COVID-19, aún con las repercusiones en el ámbito laboral, las enfermeras siguen sufriendo un reconocimiento adecuado e incluyen situaciones de estrés, ansiedad e incluso depresión, que están directamente relacionadas con la frustración , el agotamiento físico y mental, la sensación de impotencia y la inseguridad profesional experimentada durante la pandemia, especialmente por profesionales jóvenes sin experiencia en el cuidado de pacientes críticos.

Depression and generalized anxiety disorder in older adults by the COVID-19 infodemic / Depressão e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada em idosos pela infodemia de COVID-19 / Depresión y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en adultos mayores por la infodemia de COVID-19

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os impactos da infodemia de COVID-19 nos sintomas sugestivos de depressão e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada (TAG) em idosos que utilizam as mídias digitais. Método Dados coletados por web-based survey, de julho a dezembro de 2020, na população acima de 60 anos (n=103.636) residente no município de Juiz de Fora, interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, de exposição a informações sobre COVID-19 e a associação a sintomas de depressão e TAG . Para o rastreio de depressão e de TAG foram utilizados a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG) e o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (GAI-BR), respectivamente. Para análise bivariada utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e, posteriormente, a regressão de Poisson, controlada por possíveis fatores de confusão (RP ajustada) na análise múltipla, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados Dos 470 idosos respondentes, 26,1% apresentou sintomas de depressão e 18,4% TAG. Mostraram-se associados a sintomas de depressão: tempo de exposição nas redes sociais, sentir-se afetado pelas informações sobre COVID-19 veiculadas nas redes sociais e na televisão, e apresentar rastreio positivo para sofrimento psíquico causado e/ou agravado pela exposição às informações sobre COVID-19. Já para TAG, além do rastreio positivo para sofrimento psíquico, as variáveis que permaneceram associadas foram: respostas geradas pela divulgação de notícias falsas nas redes sociais e de medo relacionado à COVID-19 veiculadas no rádio. Conclusão Todas as variáveis associadas aos desfechos se referiam à exposição às informações sobre COVID-19, indicando o evidente impacto da infodemia nos sintomas de depressão e TAG em idosos.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los impactos de la infodemia de COVID-19 en los síntomas sugestivos de depresión y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) en adultos mayores que utilizan los medios digitales. Métodos Datos recopilados por web-based survey, de julio a diciembre de 2020, en la población de más de 60 años (n=103.636) domiciliados en el municipio de Juiz de Fora, interior de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, de exposición a información sobre COVID-19 y su relación con síntomas de depresión y TAG. Para el rastreo de depresión y de TAG se utilizó la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (EDG) y el Inventario de Ansiedad Geriátrica (GAI-BR), respectivamente. Para el análisis bivariado se utilizó la prueba de Ji cuadrado y, posteriormente, la regresión de Poisson, controlada por posibles factores de confusión (RP ajustada) en el análisis múltiple, con intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Resultados De los 470 adultos mayores que lo respondieron, el 26,1 % presentó síntomas de depresión y el 18,4 % TAG. Se mostraron asociados a síntomas de depresión los factores: tiempo de exposición en las redes sociales, sentirse afectado por la información sobre COVID-19 difundida en redes sociales y televisión, y presentar un rastreo positivo de sufrimiento psíquico causado o agravado por la exposición a la información sobre COVID-19. Por otro lado, las variables que permanecieron asociadas al TAG, además del rastreo positivo de sufrimiento psíquico, fueron: respuestas generadas por la divulgación de noticias falsas en las redes sociales y del miedo relacionado con el COVID-19 difundidas en la radio. Conclusión Todas las variables asociadas a los desenlaces mencionaron la exposición a información sobre COVID-19, lo que indica el evidente impacto de la infodemia en los síntomas de depresión y TAG en adultos mayores.

Abstract Objective To analyze the impacts of the COVID-19 infodemic on symptoms suggestive of depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in older adults who use digital media. Method Data collected by web-based survey, from July to December 2020, in the population over 60 years old (n=103,636) residing in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, in the countryside of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables, exposure to information about COVID-19 and the association with symptoms of depression and GAD were analyzed. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-BR) were used to screen for depression and GAD, respectively. For bivariate analysis, the chi-square test was used and, later, Poisson regression, controlled for possible confounding factors (adjusted PR) in the multiple analysis, with a 95% confidence interval. Results Of the 470 older adults who responded, 26.1% had symptoms of depression, and 18.4%, GAD. They were associated with symptoms of depression: time of exposure on social media; feeling affected by information about COVID-19 transmitted on social media and TV; and presenting positive screening for psychological distress caused and/or aggravated by exposure to information about COVID-19. For GAD, in addition to the positive screening for psychological distress, the variables that remained associated were: responses generated by dissemination of fake news on social media; and fear COVID-19-related fear published on the radio. Conclusion All variables associated with outcomes referred to exposure to information on COVID-19, indicating the evident infodemic impact on symptoms of depression and GAD in older adults.

Investigating the Psychological Disorder and Nutritional Disorder During the Covid-19 epidemic

Background: Considering the various effects of the corona epidemic on humans, the current study was conducted to investigate adults' nutritional patterns and psychological status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on adults in Iran during the Covid-19 epidemic. A total of 315 participants were examined by the convenience sampling method. To collect data from the standard twenty-one questionnaire (das) And Eating Attitudes Test - 26 Items were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS and independent t-test, correlation coefficient, and chi-square analysis of variance at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.93 ± 10.02 years. Based on the findings, 31.1% had some degree of depression, 29.5% had some degree of anxiety and 31.7% have been affected by varying degrees of stress. Also, 8.7% of the participants had eating disorders. A statistically significant relationship was observed between depression score, anxiety score, stress score as well as an overall score of mental disorders and eating disorders;In such a way that with the increase of each of these cases, the score of eating disorders also increases. Conclusion: Following the prevalence of the Covid-19 epidemic and its psychological effects, the level of stress and anxiety has increased. Awareness controlled the level of anxiety and stress and prevented its adverse effects on nutrition. o Antecedentes: Teniendo en cuenta los diversos efectos de la epidemia de corona en los humanos, el estudio actual se realizó para investigar los patrones nutricionales y el estado psicológico de los adultos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Este estudio analítico transversal se realizó en adultos en Irán durante la epidemia de Covid-19. Un total de 315 participantes fueron examinados por el método de muestreo por conveniencia. Para recopilar datos del cuestionario estándar de veintiún (das) y la prueba de actitudes alimentarias, se utilizaron 26 ítems. Los datos fueron analizados por SPSS y prueba t independiente, coeficiente de correlación y análisis de varianza de chi-cuadrado a un nivel de significación de menos de 0,05. Resultados: La edad media de los participantes fue de 31,93 ± 10,02 años. De acuerdo con los hallazgos, el 31,1% presenta algún grado de depresión, el 29,5% presenta algún grado de ansiedad y el 31,7% se ha visto afectado por diversos grados de estrés. Asimismo, el 8,7% de los participantes presentaban trastornos alimentarios. Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la puntuación de depresión, la puntuación de ansiedad, la puntuación de estrés, así como una puntuación global de trastornos mentales y trastornos alimentarios;De tal forma que con el aumento de cada uno de estos casos, también aumenta la puntuación de los trastornos alimentarios. Conclusión: A raíz de la prevalencia de la epidemia de Covid-19 y sus efectos psicológicos, el nivel de estrés y ansiedad ha aumentado. La conciencia controló el nivel de ansiedad y estrés y previno sus efectos adversos sobre la nutrición.

Manifestation of symptoms suggestive of anxiety and depression during the covid-19 pandemy and associations with the practice of physical activities and socio-demographic factors in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Manifestação de sintomas sugestivos de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia de covid-19 e associações com a prática de atividades físicas e fatores sociodemográficos no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Manifestación de síntomas que sugeren ansiedad y depresión durante la pandemia covid-19 y asociaciones con la práctica de actividades físicas y factores socio demográficos en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de fatores sociodemográficos e da prática de atividade física com sintomas sugestivos de ansiedade e depressão em adultos durante a pandemia de Covid-19 no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, com 1.019 participantes adultos residentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, realizado através de uma amostragem bola de neve. Resultados: sintomas de ansiedade estavam associados ao sexo feminino, em adultas jovens, com o ato de limpar/arrumar a residência e à inatividade física. Os sintomas de depressão associaram-se ao sexo feminino, à divisão da casa com outras pessoas que não eram familiares, grau de escolaridade, renda e à inatividade física. Conclusão: fatores sociodemográficos e a inatividade física estão associados com os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão durante a pandemia da COVID-19 (AU).

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of sociodemographic factors and the practice of physical activity with symptoms suggestive of anxiety and depression in adults during the Covid-19 pandemic, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study with 1,019 adult participants residing in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil carried out through a snowball sampling technique. Results: Anxiety symptoms were associated with being female, being young adults, cleaning/tidying the house, and physical inactivity. Depression symptoms were associated with female gender, sharing the house with other people who were not family members, level of education, income and physical inactivity. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors and physical inactivity are associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic (AU).

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, durante la pandemia COVID-19, con la práctica de actividades físicas y factores sociodemográficos. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal con 1.019 participantes adultos residentes en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, realizado a través de un muestreo de bola de nieve. Resultados: Síntomas de ansiedad asociados con mujeres, adultos jóvenes, con el acto de limpiar / ordenar la casa e inactividad física. Los síntomas depresivos se asociaron con el género femenino, compartir la casa con otras personas que no eran familiares, nivel de educación, ingresos e inactividad física. Conclusión: Los factores sociodemográficos y la inactividad física se asocian con síntomas de ansiedad y depresión durante una pandemia de COVID-19 (AU).

Anxiety levels during compulsory confinement due to covid-19, in students of a Colombian Caribbean State University / Niveles de ansiedad durante el confinamiento obligatorio por covid-19, en estudiantes de una Universidad Estatal del Caribe colombiano / Níveis de ansiedade durante o confinamento obrigatório devido ao covid-19, em alunos de uma Universidade Estadual do Caribe colombiano

RESUMEN Introducción: La alarma mundial por la pandemia del covid-19 ha afectado no solo la salud física sino también la salud mental de toda la población, incluyendo a los jóvenes universitarios. Objetivo: Caracterizar la presencia de la ansiedad (Ansiedad Estado-AE y Ansiedad Rasgo-AR) en estudiantes de una Universidad estatal del Caribe colombiano en situación de confinamiento obligatorio por el covid-19. Método: investigación cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva y diseño transversal, con muestreo intencional. Participaron 371 estudiantes de las seis Facultades de la universidad participante, hombres y mujeres, con edad mínima de 16 y máxima de 33 años, M de 18,3 años y DT de 2,1 años. Los estudiantes respondieron el Cuestionario STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), mediante la plataforma de Google Forms, el cual fue enviado a 1200 estudiantes por medio de correo electrónico, durante el mes de mayo de 2020. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el SPSSv21, se hicieron análisis descriptivos por grupos y de Odds Ratio (OR). Resultados: Se hallaron niveles de ansiedad, ligeramente superior en AE y AR en el sexo masculino en la categoría muy alto tanto para adolescentes como adultos. Mientras que, en la categoría alta, se presentó mayor AE en el sexo femenino en el rango de edad de 19 años o más, y en el rango de 16 a 18 años AR ligeramente más alta en el sexo femenino. Así mismo, las mujeres adolescentes tienen un OR de 2,2 veces más de AE que las adultas, representando un riesgo para su salud. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes universitarios presentan altos niveles de ansiedad, ligeramente mayor en los adolescentes respecto a los adultos, lo que pone en riesgo su salud mental, por lo que se sugiere medidas de intervención desde la psicología de la salud con fines de prevención y monitorear los avances mediante nuevas investigaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The global alarm for the covid-19 pandemic has affected not only the physical health but also the mental health of the entire population, including young university students. Objective: To characterize the presence of anxiety (Anxiety State-AE and Anxiety trait-AR) in students of a Colombian Caribbean State University in a situation of compulsory confinement due to covid-19. Method: descriptive quantitative research and cross-sectional design, with intentional sampling. 371 students from the six Faculties of the participating university participated, men and women, with a minimum age of 16 and a maximum of 33 years, M of 18,3 years and DT of 2,1 years. The students responded to the STAI Questionnaire (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), through the Google Forms platform, which was sent to 1200 students by email, during the month of May 2020. The data was processed through the SPSSv21, they did descriptive analysis by groups and Odds Ratio (OR). Results: Anxiety levels were found to be slightly higher in EA and RA in the male sex in the very high category for both adolescents and adults. Meanwhile, in the high category, higher EA was found in the female sex in the age range of 19 years or older, and in the range of 16 to 18 years RA was slightly higher in the female sex. Likewise, adolescent females have an OR of 2,2 times more EA than adults, representing a risk to their health. Conclusions: University students present high levels of anxiety, slightly higher in adolescents than in adults, which puts their mental health at risk, therefore, intervention measures are suggested from health psychology for prevention and monitoring purposes advances through new research.

RESUMO Introdução: O alarme global sobre a pandemia covid-19 afetou não apenas a saúde física, mas também a saúde mental de toda a população, incluindo jovens estudantes universitários. Objetivo: Caracterizar a presença de ansiedade (Ansiedade do Estado-AE e Ansiedade Traço-AR) em alunos de uma Universidade Estadual do Caribe colombiano em situação de confinamento obrigatório por covid-19. Método: pesquisa quantitativa do tipo descritivo e delineamento transversal, com amostragem intencional. Participaram 371 alunos das seis Faculdades da universidade participante, homens e mulheres, com idade mínima de 16 e máxima de 33 anos, M de 18,3 anos e DT de 2,1 anos. Os alunos responderam ao STAI Questionnaire (State Trait Anxiety Inventory), por meio da plataforma Google Forms, que foi enviado a 1200 alunos por e-mail, durante o mês de maio de 2020. Os dados foram processados por meio do SPSSv21, fez análise descritiva por grupos e Odds Ratio (OR). Resultados: Foram encontrados níveis ligeiramente mais elevados de ansiedade na AE e na AR em homens da categoria muito alta, tanto para adolescentes como para adultos. Na categoria alta, a AE era mais elevada nas fêmeas na faixa etária dos 19+, e na faixa etária dos 16-18, a RA era ligeiramente mais elevada nas fêmeas. Do mesmo modo, as fêmeas adolescentes têm um OR 2,2 vezes mais AE que os adultos, representando um risco para a sua saúde. Conclusões: Os universitários apresentam níveis elevados de ansiedade, ligeiramente superiores nos adolescentes do que nos adultos, o que põe em risco a sua saúde mental, pelo que são sugeridas medidas de intervenção da psicologia da saúde para efeitos de prevenção e acompanhamento avanços por meio de novas pesquisas.

Behind COVID-19 pandemic backstage: anxiety and healthcare workers.

BACKGROUND: COVID- 19 disease causes serious anxiety in healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between the anxiety level of epidemic diseases and occupational satisfaction. METHOD: The "Disease Anxiety Scale," which consists of four subgroups and a total of 18 questions, and the "Vocational Satisfaction Scale," which consists of two subgroups and 20 questions, were utilized to investigate the relationship between epidemic disease anxiety and occupational satisfaction. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 26.0 program. RESULTS: A total of 395 nurses were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 33, and 63% were women. About 35.4% of the participants had deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic in their family or close environment. It was determined that 83% of the nurses have a pandemic disease anxiety. Occupational satisfaction and epidemic anxiety level (p = 0.005, r = 0.560), pandemic (p = 0.01, r = 0.525), economic (p = 0.001, r = -0.473), quarantine (p = 0.003, r = -0.503), and social life (p = 0.003, r = -0.507) were found to be negatively correlated. There was no significant difference between job satisfaction (t = 0.286, p = 0.08) and epidemic anxiety (t = 1.312, p = 0.06) in terms of gender. CONCLUSION: Most health-care professionals experience serious anxiety, especially during the pandemic period.

ANTECEDENTES: La enfermedad de COVID- 19 causa ansiedad grave en los trabajadores de la salud. OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación entre el nivel de ansiedad de las enfermedades durante ña epidemia de COVID-19 y la satisfacción laboral. MÉTODO: Se utilizaron la Escala de Ansiedad por Enfermedad, que consta de cuatro subgrupos y un total de 18 preguntas, y la Escala de Satisfacción Vocacional, que consta de dos subgrupos y 20 preguntas, para investigar la relación entre la ansiedad por enfermedad epidémica y la satisfacción laboral. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa SPSS 26.0. RESULTADOS: La edad media de los participantes fue de 33 años y el 63% eran mujeres. El 35.4% de los participantes tuvieron muertes a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19 en su familia o entorno cercano. Se determinó que el 83% de los profesionales de enfermería tienen ansiedad por enfermedad pandémica. se Se encontraron correlacionados negativamente nivel de satisfacción laboral y ansiedad epidémica (p = 0.005, r = 0.560), pandemia (p = 0.01, r = 0.525), económica (p = 0.001, r = −0.473), cuarentena (p = 0.003, r = −0.503) y vida social (p = 0.003, r = −0.507). No hubo diferencia significativa entre la satisfacción laboral (t = 0.286, p = 0.08) y la ansiedad epidémica (t = 1.312, p = 0.06) en cuanto al sexo. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de los profesionales de la salud experimentan una ansiedad grave, en especial durante el período de pandemia.

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of depression and symptoms of anxiety in staff at a health institution in Medellin during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has represented an extraordinary challenge for health workers as they care for others while exposing themselves to contagion. Doctors, nurses, therapists and other non-care staff in clinics and hospitals are asked to be prepared to work in particularly complex and stressful situations, which makes them vulnerable to mental health problems. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of anxiety and depression symptoms in staff working at a health institution in Medellin, Colombia. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, based on a survey designed for the investigation, which included two scales to screen depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: A total of 1,247 workers from the health institution were included. Of these, 14.6% reported symptoms of depression and 18.5% of clinically significant anxiety. A higher proportion of moderate to severe depression and anxiety symptoms was found in those working face to face. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly prevalent among staff at a health institution in Medellin, Colombia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the vital role of the health sector in times of pandemic, the development of mental health programmes that address the problems of this population should be considered a priority.

Abordaje farmacoterapéutico de la ansiedad desde la oficina de farmacia

El consumo de fármacos indicados en el tratamiento de trastornos del sueño, ansiedad y depresión –benzodiazepinas, análogos Z y antidepresivos– se ha visto duplicado en el año 2020 a raíz de la pandemia mundial COVID-19 frente a 2019. El objetivo principal del trabajo es analizar el perfil del paciente en tratamiento con ansiolíticos/antidepresivos teniendo en cuenta variables como edad, sexo, principio activo y constancia con la medicación. Se diseñó un estudio observacional descriptivo de tipo transversal, en el que la población de estudio consta de pacientes en tratamiento con al menos un fármaco ansiolítico –hipnótico o benzodiacepina–, siendo una muestra total de 80 pacientes. La recogida de datos se realizó durante los meses de marzo a junio en la oficina de farmacia a través de un cuestionario, contestado de forma voluntaria y anónima por los participantes. Para su elaboración se realizó una búsqueda por principio activo/especialidad farmacéutica, a través de las fichas técnicas de los medicamentos. Los cuestionarios fueron analizados en la base de datos Python v3.8.5. Se observó que el consumo de esta clase de fármacos es más común en mujeres y en personas de entre 20-30 años, siendo lorazepam el ansiolítico más dispensado y combinado con antidepresivos.Alternate abstract:The consumption of drugs indicated for the treatment of sleep disorders, anxiety and depression – benzodiazepines, Z analogues and antidepressants – has doubled in 2020 as a result of the global pandemic COVID-19 compared to 2019. The main objective of this study is to analyse the patients' profile treated with anxiolytics/antidepressants, taking into account their ages, sex, drugs taken and perseverance with medication. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was designed, in which the study population consisted of patients being treated with at least one anxiolytic drug – hypnotic or benzodiazepine – with a total sample of 80 patients. Data collection was carried out from March to June at the chemist's by means of a questionnaire, answered voluntarily and anonymously by patients. A search by active ingredient/pharmaceutical speciality was carried out using drug technical sheets. The questionnaires were analysed with Python v3.8.5 database. It was observed that the consumption of this kind of drugs is more common among women, and among 20-30 year-old-people, being lorazepam the most dispensed anxiolytic and combined with antidepressants.

Ansiolíticos y aumento en su consumo como consecuencia de la COVID-19 y la fatiga pandémica

La COVID-19 ha dado lugar a consecuencias negativas en numerosos campos;uno de los más importantes ha sido la salud mental y la ansiedad es una de las patologías más frecuentes en cuanto a la misma se refiere. Diversos estudios han relacionado el aumento de la prevalencia de la ansiedad como consecuencia directa de la pandemia, así como la existencia de factores de riesgo y factores protectores frente a la misma. Uno de los tratamientos farmacológicos más empleados frente a la ansiedad son las benzodiacepinas, por lo que el estudio que se desarrolla a continuación se basa en el análisis de su consumo en una muestra de población de una oficina de farmacia de Valladolid. El 53?% de nuestra muestra comenzó su tratamiento con benzodiacepinas a raíz de la pandemia, e incluso un 20?% de la misma incrementó la dosis. Además, hemos podido observar un aumento generalizado en las ventas de benzodiacepinas entre el año 2019 y el año 2020 en la oficina de farmacia.Alternate abstract:The COVID-19 has brought several negative consequences in different fields, being mental health one of the most important;and anxiety is one of the most frequent pathologies in that field. Several studies have related an increase in anxiety's incidence as a direct consequence of the pandemic, as well as some risk and protective factors against anxiety. One of the most frequently used treatment against anxiety are benzodiacepines, so in our study we analyze the benzodiacepine consumption in a pharmacy in Valladolid. The 53?% of our sample started their treatment with benzodiacepines when the pandemic begun, and even a 20?% of the sample raised their dose. Moreover, we have observed an increase in the sales of benzodiacepines between years 2019 and 2020 in the pharmacy.

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Staff at a Health Institution in Medellin During the COVID-19 Pandemic. / Prevalencia y características clínicas de los síntomas depresivos y ansiosos de los trabajadores de una institución de salud en Medellín durante la pandemia por COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has represented an extraordinary challenge for health workers as they care for others while exposing themselves to contagion. Doctors, nurses, therapists and other non-care staff in clinics and hospitals are asked to be prepared to work in particularly complex and stressful situations, which makes them vulnerable to mental health problems. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of anxiety and depression symptoms in staff working at a health institution in Medellin, Colombia. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, based on a survey designed for the investigation, which included two scales to screen depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: A total of 1,247 workers from the health institution were included. Of these, 14.6% reported symptoms of depression and 18.5% of clinically significant anxiety. A higher proportion of moderate to severe depression and anxiety symptoms was found in those working face to face. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depression symptoms are highly prevalent among staff at a health institution in Medellin, Colombia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the vital role of the health sector in times of pandemic, the development of mental health programmes that address the problems of this population should be considered a priority.

Psychological repercussions on nursing staff due to the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a high demand for health services, especially nursing. This workload can lead to emotional distress affecting their daily lives on a personal and professional basis. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in nurses and to analyze the factors associated with their presence during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a second-level hospital in Mexico between September and October 2020. Within a population of 150 nurses invited to the study, 116 participated by answering a questionnaire regarding emotional aspects during their time caring for COVID-19 patients, as well as using the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21). RESULTS: Among de 116 participants, 77.6% were females, and 22.4% were males. The 91.4% reported fear of spreading the disease to their families, and 59.5% reported that the death of their patients infected with COVID-19 affected them deeply. The factors associated with moderate to extremely severe levels of depression were the attitude of indifference from the community to their work during the pandemic (OR:2.66) and the increase consumption of addictive substances (OR:9.80). In the stress subscale, the variables that conferred a significant association was working inside the COVID-19 area (OR:17.05), being severely affected by the death of patients infected (OR:4.23), and fear of entering the red zone (OR:19.47). The need for psychological care was associated with moderate to severe depression and anxiety (OR:7.38, OR:9.50, respectively). For the anxiety subscale, no association with the studied variables was found. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates a high prevalence of emotional distress among nurses, and that there were working, psychological and social factors associated with symptoms of depression and stress. Future research should focus on prevention measures and strategies to reduce psychological impact, as this could affect the quality of care provided to their patients.

Estados emocionales agudos en pobladores mexicanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19

El propósito del estudio fue evaluar los estados emocionales agudos en mexicanos durante la pandemia por Covid-19. Se tuvo un diseño no experimental-transversal. Participaron 585 mexicanos entre 18 y 67 años. Se utilizó la escala DASS-21 para medir las variables de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, y un cuestionario sobre situaciones relacionadas al confinamiento por COVID-19. Los resultados arrojan que un pequeño porcentaje de la muestra manifestó sintomatología emocional negativa de severa a muy severa, así como temor y angustia al contagio de un familiar. De igual manera, se identificaron diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres, y grupos de edad. Los hallazgos muestran la importancia de diseñar e implementar intervenciones psicológicas dirigidas a minorar las emociones negativas durante la pandemia por coronavirus.Alternate :The purpose of the study was to evaluate acute emotional states in Mexicans during the Covid-19 pandemic. Non-experimental-cross-sectional design. 585 Mexicans between 18 and 67 years of age participated. The DASS-21 scale was used to measure the variables of stress, anxiety and depression;and a questionnaire on situations related to confinement by COVID-19. The results show that a small percentage of the sample manifested negative emotional symptoms ranging from severe to very severe, as well as fear and anguish of contagion from a relative. Similarly, significant differences were identified between men and women, and age groups. The findings show the importance of designing and implementing psychological interventions aimed at reducing negative emotions during the coronavirus pandemic.Alternate :Le but de l'étude était d'évaluer les états émotionnels aigus chez les Mexicains pendant la pandémie de Covid-19. Conception en coupe transversale non expérimentale. 585 mexicains âgés de 18 à 67 ans y ont participé. L'échelle DASS-21 a été utilisée pour mesurer les variables du stress, de l'anxiété et de la dépression;et un questionnaire sur les situations liées au confinement par COVID-19. Les résultats montrent qu'un petit pourcentage de l'échantillon manifestait des symptômes émotionnels négatifs allant de graves à très graves, ainsi que la peur et l'angoisse de contagion d'un proche. De même, des différences significatives ont été identifiées entre les hommes et les femmes et les groupes d'âge. Les résultats montrent l'importance de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre des interventions psychologiques visant à réduire les émotions négatives pendant la pandémie.Alternate :O objetivo do estudo era avaliar os estados emocionais agudos nos mexicanos durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Desenho transversal não experimental. Participaram 585 mexicanos entre 18 e 67 anos. A escala DASS-21 foi utilizada para medir as variáveis ​​de estresse, ansiedade e depressão;e um questionário sobre situações relacionadas ao confinamento por COVID-19. Os resultados mostram que uma pequena porcentagem da amostra manifestou sintomas emocionais negativos que variam de graves a muito graves, além de medo e angústia de contágio de um familiar. Da mesma forma, foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre homens e mulheres e grupos de idade. Os resultados mostram a importância de projetar e implementar intervenções psicológicas destinadas a reduzir as emoções negativas durante a pandemia.

Salud mental, autoeficacia y adaptación universitaria a la pandemia de COVID-19

Este estudio mixto evaluó cambios y estabilidad en indicadores de salud (depresión, ansiedad, estrés, consumo de alcohol y cantidad de horas de sueño) y la creencia en la autoeficacia académica de estudiantes universitarios brasileños, antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El primer paso, cuantitativo y longitudinal, investigó a 20 estudiantes (Medad =20.8 años;DP=3.4) en el período de 2019 y 2020, sugiriendo el mantenimiento de indicadores de salud mental y la reducción del consumo de alcohol y autoeficacia. En la segunda etapa, cualitativa, las entrevistas durante la cuarentena revelaron procesos de adaptación personal y académica, además de preocupaciones sobre la salud mental ante la pandemia. Se recomiendan las respuestas institucionales de las universidades a estos desafíos continuos, en contraposición a una perspectiva analítica individual.Alternate :This mixed study evaluated changes and stability in health indicators (depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol consumption and amount of hours of sleep) and the belief in academic self-efficacy of Brazilian university students, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The first step, quantitative and longitudinal, investigated 20 students (average age=20.8 years;SD=3.4) in the period of 2019 and 2020, suggesting the maintenance of mental health indicators and the reduction of alcohol consumption and self-efficacy. In the second, qualitative stage, interviews during the quarantine revealed processes of personal and academic adaptation, in addition to concerns about mental health in the face of the pandemic. Institutional responses by universities to these ongoing challenges are recommended, as opposed to an individual analytical perspective.Alternate :Cette étude mixte a évalué les changements et la stabilité des indicateurs de santé (dépression, anxiété, stress, consommation d'alcool et nombre d'heures de sommeil) et la croyance en l'auto-efficacité académique des étudiants universitaires brésiliens, avant et pendant la pandémie COVID-19. La première étape, quantitative et longitudinale, a enquêté sur 20 étudiants (âge moyen=20,8 ans;ET=3,4) sur la période 2019 et 2020, suggérant le maintien des indicateurs de santé mentale et la réduction de la consommation d'alcool et auto-efficacité. Dans la seconde étape, qualitative, des entretiens lors de la quarantaine ont révélé des processus d'adaptation personnelle et académique, en plus des inquiétudes sur la santé mentale face à la pandémie. Des réponses institutionnelles des universités à ces défis permanents sont recommandées, par opposition à une perspective analytique individuelle.Alternate :Este estudo misto avaliou mudanças e estabilidades em indicadores de saúde (depressão, ansiedade, estresse, consumo de álcool e quantidade de horas de sono) e de crença de autoeficácia acadêmica de universitários brasileiros, antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19. A primeira etapa, quantitativa e longitudinal, investigou 20 estudantes (Midade=20.8 anos;DP=3.4) no período de 2019 e 2020, sugerindo a manutenção de indicadores de saúde mental e a redução do consumo de álcool e autoeficácia. Na segunda etapa, qualitativa, entrevistas durante a quarentena revelaram processos de adaptação pessoal e acadêmica, além de preocupações sobre a saúde mental diante da pandemia. Recomenda-se respostas institucionais por parte das universidades a esses desafios em curso, em contraposição a uma perspectiva analítica individual.

Mental health in the Mexican population due to COVID-19 / Salud mental en población mexicana por COVID-19

Este artículo analiza el estado de salud mental de población adulta de México en el contexto de pandemia ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Participaron 899 participantes de diferentes regiones de México Medad = 34. 8, DE= 11.38, mujeres= 641, hombres=258, durante el contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron la Escala de Miedo al COVID-19 (FCV-19S), la Escala para el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7), el Test de Propósito de Vida (PIL), el Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente (PHQ-9) y el Cuestionario Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) para el apoyo social. La aplicación se realizó de manera individual, durante el período del 12 de junio al 14 de septiembre de 2020. Los resultados indicaron que los participantes no presentaron síntomas agudos de miedo hacia la COVID-19. No obstante, se encontró presencia considerable de ansiedad generalizada y de depresión en diferentes niveles. El apoyo social y propósito de vida se encuentran presentes, contrarrestando la ansiedad y la depresión, mientras que el miedo y la cantidad de horas de exposición a pensamientos sobre COVID-19 contribuyeron de forma positiva a estas variables psicológicas. Se concluye que la crisis sanitaria ocasionada por COVID-19 ha impactado fuertemente en la salud mental de los participantes, no obstante, existen fortalezas como el apoyo social y el propósito de vida que ayudan a sobrellevar los efectos de la pandemia y se debería trabajar en ellas para promover la salud mental durante los momentos de la crisis sanitaria(AU)

This paper analyzes the status of mental health of the adult population of Mexico in the context of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). This article analyzes the mental health status of the adult population of Mexico in the context of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19). A total of 899 participants from different regions of Mexico participated, M age = 34.8, SD= 11.38, women= 641, men=258, during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The instruments applied were the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Purpose I Life Test (PIL), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ -9) and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Questionnaire for social support. The application was carried out individually, during the period from June 12 to September 14, 2020. The results indicated that the participants did not present acute symptoms of fear towards COVID-19. However, a considerable presence of generalized anxiety and depression was found at different levels. Social support and life purpose are present, counteracting anxiety and depression, while fear and the number of hours of exposure to thoughts about COVID-19 contributed positively to these psychological variables. It is concluded that the health crisis caused by COVID-19 has strongly impacted on the mental health of the participants; however, there are strengths such as social support and life purpose that help to cope with the effects of the pandemic. Therefore, these two strengths should be worked on to promote mental health during times of health crisis(AU)

Impacto en la salud mental de enfermeros pediátricos: un estudio transversal en un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Objetivo: evaluar los problemas de salud mental en enfermeros pediátricos durante la pandemia del coronavirus 2019. Método: estudio transversal realizado con enfermeros pediátricos del Instituto da Criança e do Adolescente mediante una encuesta de autoevaluación en línea sobre la práctica clínica y el impacto en la salud mental durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Se evaluaron escalas de autoevaluación validadas para ansiedad, depresión y burnout. Resultados: respondieron 107/298 (36%) de los enfermeros, de los cuales 90% eran del sexo femenino, la mediana de edad actual fue de 41 (23-64) años, 68% trabajaban con adolescentes, 66% trabajaban en primera línea. Burnout, ansiedad y depresión moderada/grave ocurrieron en 65%, 72% y 74% de los enfermeros, respectivamente. Falta de protocolo de tratamiento estandarizado en las enfermerías (27% vs. 10%, p=0,049), depresión moderada/grave (74% vs. 16%, p=0,002) y burnout (82% vs. 58%, p=0,01) fueron significativamente mayores en enfermeros pediátricos con ansiedad en comparación con enfermeros sin esta condición. Los enfermeros pediátricos que trabajaban con adolescentes presentaron mayor frecuencia de burnout en comparación con los que no trabajaban con adolescentes (77% vs. 32%, p=0,0001). El análisis multivariado reveló que el adecuado cumplimiento de la cuarentena aumentó 4,6 veces la presencia de ansiedad [OR 4.6(IC 1,1-20,2), p=0,04]. Conclusión: La mayoría de los enfermeros pediátricos trabajaban en la primera línea de la COVID-19, en condiciones precarias, trabajando con un equipo reducido y enfrentando importantes pérdidas de ingresos. La ansiedad actual fue un tema relevante y el burnout también fue una condición mental importante para estos profesionales, reforzando la cultura del buen trabajo en equipo, las prácticas colaborativas y la atención psicológica/psiquiátrica.

Interrogating and recuperating masculinities in therapeutic practice

In this invited commentary I reflect on issues concerning masculinities in therapeutic spaces. I draw on contemporary masculinity concepts as well as the psychonalytic, postmodern and post-qualitative aspects of the various articles. I consider how traditional and modern expectations concerning masculinities create problems and possibilities for men in different situations, for example men from different generations (e.g. me, my father, my son). Similarly, I discuss how therapists might unwittingly [re]construct traditional masculinities in their practice – but are also ideally positioned to deconstruct masculinities which are implicated in their client’s suffering. At the same time, I note that the promotion of healthy, caring and inclusive masculinities need not be confined to the therapy room since there are now various mental health intervention which are community-based, entail peer support and which are tailored to specific constituencies of men. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] RESUMEN Este estudio explicó la importancia del enfoque de la Terapia Breve Centrada en Soluciones (SFBT) en el trato con las personas para encontrar soluciones tanto después como durante la ocurrencia de la ansiedad psicológica, la aplicación de SBFT se puede hacer de manera práctica, efectiva y eficiente. Este estudio utiliza un análisis comparativo, que se refiere a varias publicaciones relevantes entre SFBT y la ansiedad psicológica, especialmente en el brote de COVID-19 en forma de artículos de revistas científicas, libros de referencia y otra información de fuentes confiables. Los resultados revelaron que existe una correlación significativa entre las teorías, tanto los supuestos básicos como los conceptos relacionados con el proceso de intervención de SFBT en un esfuerzo por ayudar a las personas a encontrar soluciones a los problemas que experimentan o experimentarán. Este estudio puede entonces ser una referencia científica para la aplicación del enfoque SFBT como un esfuerzo para mejorar la capacidad de encontrar soluciones. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] ABSTRAIT Cette étude a expliqué l'importance de l'approche de la thérapie brève axée sur les solutions (SFBT) dans le traitement des individus pour trouver des solutions à la fois après et pendant l'apparition de l'anxiété psychologique, l'application de la SBFT peut être effectuée de manière pratique, efficace et efficiente. Cette étude utilise une analyse comparative, qui fait référence à diverses publications pertinentes entre SFBT et l'anxiété psychologique, en particulier dans l'épidémie de COVID-19 sous la forme d'articles de revues scientifiques, d'ouvrages de référence et d'autres informations provenant de sources fiables. Les résultats ont révélé qu'il existe une corrélation significative entre les théories, les hypothèses de base et les concepts liés au processus d'intervention SFBT dans le but d'aider les individus à trouver des solutions aux problèmes qui sont ou seront vécus. Cette étude peut alors constituer une référence scientifique pour l'application de l'approche SFBT dans le but d'améliorer la capacité à trouver des solutions. (French) [ FROM AUTHOR] ABSTRAKT Diese Studie erläuterte die Bedeutung des Ansatzes der lösungsorientierten Kurzzeittherapie (SFBT) im Umgang mit Einzelpersonen, um Lösungen sowohl nach als auch während des Auftretens von psychischer Angst zu finden. Die Anwendung von SBFT kann praktisch, effektiv und effizient erfolgen. Diese Studie verwendet eine vergleichende Analyse, die sich auf verschiedene relevante Literatur zwischen SFBT und psychischer Angst bezieht, insbesondere zum COVID-19-Ausbruch in Form von Artikeln in wissenschaftlichen Zeitschriften, Nachschlagewerken und anderen Informationen aus vertrauenswürdigen Quellen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass es eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen Theorien, sowohl Grundannahmen als auch Konzepten im Zusammenhang mit dem SFBT-Interventionsprozess gibt, um Einzelpersonen dabei zu helfen, Lösungen für Probleme zu finden, die auftreten oder auftreten werden. Diese Studie kann dann als wissenschaftliche Referenz für die Anwendung des SFBT-Ansatzes zur Verbesserung der Lösungsfähigkeit dienen. (German) [ FROM AUTHOR] ΠΕΡΊΛΗΨΗ Αυτή η μελέτη εξήγησε τη σημασία της προσέγγισης της συνοπτικής θεραπείας με επίκεντρο τη λύση (SFBT) στην αντιμετώπιση ατόμων για την εξεύρεση λύσεων τόσο μετά όσο και κατά τη διάρκεια της εμφάνισης ψυχολογικού άγχους, η εφαρμογή της SBFT μπορεί να γίνει πρακτικά, αποτελεσματικά και αποδοτικά. Αυτή η μελέτη χρησιμοποιεί συγκριτική ανάλυση, η οποία αναφέρεται σε ποικίλη σχετική βιβλιογραφία μεταξύ του SFBT και του ψυχολογικού άγχους, ειδικά στην επιδημία COVID-19 με τη μορφή άρθρων επιστημονικών περιοδικών, βιβλίων αναφοράς και άλλων πληροφοριών από αξιόπιστες πηγές. Τα αποτελέσματα αποκάλυψαν ότι υπάρχει σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύ των θεωριών, τόσο βασικών υποθέσεων όσο και εννοιών που σχετίζονται με τη διαδικασία παρέμβασης SFBT σε μια προσπάθεια να βοηθηθούν τα άτομα να βρουν λύσεις σε προβλήματα που έχουν ή θα βιώσουν. Αυτή η μελέτη μπορεί στη συνέχεια να αποτελέσει μια επιστημονική αναφορά για την εφαρμογή της προσέγγισης SFBT ως μια προσπάθεια βελτίωσης της ικανότητας εύρεσης λύσεων. (Modern Greek) [ FROM AUTHOR] RIASSUNTO Questo studio ha spiegato l'importanza dell'approccio Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) nel trattare con gli individui per trovare soluzioni sia dopo che durante il verificarsi di ansia psicologica, l'applicazione di SBFT può essere eseguita in modo pratico, efficace ed efficiente. Questo studio utilizza l'analisi comparativa, che fa riferimento a varie pubblicazioni rilevanti tra SFBT e ansia psicologica, in particolare nell'epidemia di COVID-19 sotto forma di articoli di riviste scientifiche, libri di consultazione e altre informazioni da fonti attendibili. I risultati hanno rivelato che esiste una correlazione significativa tra le teorie, sia i presupposti di base che i concetti relativi al processo di intervento SFBT nel tentativo di aiutare le persone a trovare soluzioni ai problemi che sono o saranno vissuti. Questo studio può quindi essere un riferimento scientifico per l'applicazione dell'approccio SFBT come sforzo per migliorare la capacità di trovare soluzioni. (Italian) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

La actividad física como moderador en la ansiedad asociada al COVID-19 en estudiantes universitarios (Physical activity as a moderator in anxiety associated to COVID-19 in university students)

The COVID-19 pandemic had a great impact on the mental health of the university population, so managing alternatives to adapt is essential. Objective. The purpose of the study was to analyze the moderating effect of physical activity (PA) on the anxiety levels generated by the experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in university students. Method. A cross-sectional, correlational-explanatory study was carried out in university students (n = 922;36.66% men and 63.34% women;19.97 ± 2.92 years). An ad hoc questionnaire was applied to measure fear to COVID-19, as well as the CUXOS-D for anxiety levels and the IPAQ-s to assess PA. Descriptive, inferential and moderation analyzes were performed, in addition to the exploratory and confirmatory factorial for the CUXOS-D. Results. The influence of fear to COVID-19 on anxiety levels is observed, which is moderated by high PA levels (F [3,918] = 21.58;p <.001). Likewise, it is observed that women perceive greater anxiety and perform less PA than men. The factor analysis of the CUXOS-D was satisfactory. Conclusion. Physical activity can have positive effects that moderate the impact generated by COVID-19 over anxiety in the university community. Alternate : La pandemia por COVID-19 tuvo gran impacto sobre la salud mental de la población universitaria, por lo que gestionar alternativas para adaptarse resulta fundamental. Objetivo. El propósito del estudio fue analizar el efecto moderador de la actividad física (AF) sobre los niveles de ansiedad generados por las vivencias durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en estudiantes universitarios. Método. Se realizó un estudio transversal, correlacional-explicativo en estudiantes universitarios (n = 922;36.66% hombres y 63.34% mujeres;19.97 ±2.92 años). Se aplicó un cuestionario ad hoc para medir el miedo al COVID-19, así como el CUXOS-D para los niveles de ansiedad y el IPAQ-s para evaluar la AF. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, inferenciales y de moderación, además del factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio para el CUXOS-D. Resultados. Se observa la influencia del miedo al COVID-19 sobre los niveles de ansiedad cognitiva, la cual es moderada por los niveles de AF alta (F [3,918] = 21.58;p < .001). Asimismo, se observa que las mujeres perciben mayor ansiedad y realizan menor AF que los hombres. El análisis factorial del CUXOS-D fue satisfactorio. Conclusión. La AF puede tener efectos positivos que moderen el impacto generado por el COVID-19 sobre la ansiedad en la comunidad universitaria.Alternate :A pandemia do COVID-19 teve um grande impacto na saúde mental da população universitária, por isso é essencial gerir alternativas de adaptação. Meta. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o efeito moderador da atividade física (AF) nos níveis de ansiedade gerados por experiências durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em estudantes universitários. Método. Estudo transversal, correlacional-explicativo, realizado em universitários (n = 922;36,66% homens e 63,34% mulheres;19,97 ± 2,92 anos). Um questionário ad hoc foi aplicado para medir o medo do COVID-19, bem como o CUXOS-D para níveis de ansiedade e o IPAQ-s para avaliar a AF. Foram realizadas análises descritivas, inferenciais e de moderação, além do fatorial exploratório e confirmatório para o CUXOS-D. Resultados. Observa-se a influência do medo da COVID-19 nos níveis de ansiedade cognitiva, que é moderada por níveis de AF alta (F [3.918] = 21,58;p < 0,001). Da mesma forma, observa-se que as mulheres percebem maior ansiedade e realizam menos AF do que os homens. A análise fatorial do CUXOS-D foi satisfatória. Conclusão. A AF pode ter efeitos positivos que moderam o impacto gerado pela COVID-19 na ansiedade na comunidade universitária.

Response to cognitive-behavioral psychotherapeutic treatment and mindfulness in a woman with generalized anxiety disorder

Introduction: Generalized anxiety disorder has increased its frequency in our city since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. There are a small number of patients who do not wish to be treated pharmacologically Objective: Comment on the efficacy of mindfulness-enriched cognitive behavioral treatment in a woman with generalized anxiety disorder and insomnia who did not want to receive pharmacological management Presentation of the case: A 60-year-old woman, with a history of anxiety, did not wish to receive drug therapy and requested psychological support due to fatigue, frequent headaches, palpitations, irritable bowel, memory problems, poor concentration and insomnia. A diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder was made and the psychological assessment was made with the following instruments: inventory of automatic thoughts by Ruiz and Lujan, the Oviedo del Sueño questionnaire and the IDARE anxiety scale before and after a cognitive-behavioral intervention enriched with mindfulness. Conclusions: The level of state anxiety decreased from high to moderate and that of trait anxiety from high to mild, sleep problems went from high to medium level, and the frequency of cognitive distortions decreased. The intervention made it possible to identify and treat cognitive distortions, modify poor sleep hygiene habits, and promoted the acquisition of problem-solving skills. © 2020. All Rights Reserved.

School stress in COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents and their families

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically impacted lifestyles. The necessary strategy of isolation to avoid contagion led to an increase in psychosocial risks in children, adolescents and their families, such as negative coping with stress, negligent parenting practices, domestic violence, substance abuse, among others. Objective: To determine school stress in students during COVID-19 quarantine. Methods: The research was developed under a quantitative approach;cross-sectional, observational, analytical. A total of 1395 adolescents participated. For data collection, a Google form was used to determine school stress, based on an instrument validated in Colombia. Results: Among the most frequent mental health diagnoses, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was found, followed by anxiety disorder and depression. Ninety-two percent of the participants reported concern about their academic performance, likewise 60.2% reported feeling nervous when talking to their parents about their school performance and 62.5% reported feeling nervous about not understanding what was explained in class. Conclusions: It was found that a large part of the participants showed symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress due to the uncertainty of the pandemic. Likewise, a high perception of alteration of daily routines, greater stress due to academic performance and an improvement in the affective family bond was also evidenced. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

Increase in urgent care for patients with an eating disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Spanish province.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a great impact on people's mental health. Patients with eating disorders (ED) are also highly sensitive to the pandemic situation due to their physical and mental health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had on the reasons for the urgent care of patients with an eating disorder, comparing the reasons for care with those from a previous period. METHOD: We compared the visits to the emergency room and their characteristics before and after the pandemic of patients with an eating disorder in the province of Lleida. Information regarding sociodemographic status, reason for consultation, diagnosis, characteristics of suicidal behaviour, and other data were obtained from the electronic medical records. RESULTS: Within the total emergency attendances, eating disorders increased from 1.7% in the pre-pandemic period to 3.1% during the pandemic (p=0.030). Regarding the reason for consultation, a change in the pattern is observed, decreasing consultations for anxious decompensation (p<0.001) and increasing suicidal behaviour (p=0.016) and behavioural disorder (p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: In our study we ascertained an increase in urgent care given to patients with an eating disorder during the two states of alarm, while consultations for anxiety symptoms decreased notably. However, care for suicidal behaviour increased, especially in women with comorbidity of personality disorders and who were unemployed.